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EU and International Law
Employment and social affairs
General Note: The following measures are Directives, unless otherwise specified. European Union (EU) Council Regulations have direct effect within member states. All measures apply to Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, even though they are not EU members.
1957 Mines safety commission (amended)
1962 Migrant workers crossing borders (recommendation)
1962 Company medical services (recommendation)
1964 Right to remain in a member state after retirement (inc families)
1964 Right to refuse entry and grounds for expulsion
1965 Housing for migrant workers (recommendation)
1966 Compensation for occupational diseases (recommendation)
1966 The promotion of vocational guidance (recommendation)
1967 Protection of young workers (recommendation)
1968 Freedom of movement regulation (EEC) no 1612/68
1970 Establishment of committee on employment in the EC (Council decision)
1970 Right to remain in the territory of a member state (regulation)
1971 Free movement - social security for migrant workers: directive (amended)
1972 Right to remain in a member state
1973 Self-employment and service provision
1974 Right to remain in a member state: self-employed
1975 Collective redundancy
1975 Remaining in a member state (after retirement from self-employment)
1975 Equal pay
1975 40-hour week and four week's paid holiday (recommendation)
1976 Ionizing radiation: workers/public
1976 Trade union rights (regulation)
1976 Equal treatment for men and women 76/207/EEC
1977 Transfer of undertakings
1977 Vocational preparation of unemployed young people (recommendation)
1977 The education of the children of migrant workers
1977 Safety signs (revised 1992)
1978 Safety in respect to vinyl chloride monomer
1979 Equal treatment: state social security
1980 Ionizing radiation: (amendment)
1980 Protection of workers in the event of the insolvency of their employer
1980 Safety of fishing vessels
1980 Insolvency of an employer
1981 Advisory committee on equal opportunities (Commission decision)
1982 Metallic lead
1982 Explosives atmospheres
1982 Retirement age (recommendation)
1983 Asbestos at work
1983 The tasks of the European social fund (Council decision)
1984 Recommendation on positive action for women 84/635/EEC
1985 Border controls (Schengen agreement) implemented 1995
1985 Joint committee on railways: Commission decision (amended)
1985 Working time regulations: road transport
1985 Social legislation relating to road transport
1985 Joint committee on road transport (Commission decision: amended)
1985 Vocational qualifications: comparability (Council decision)
1985 Mutual recognition of qualifications (architecture)
1985 Mutual recognition of qualifications (pharmacy)
1986 Noise at work
1986 Employment of the disabled (Council recommendation)
1986 Equal treatment in occupational social security schemes
1986 Self-employed commercial agents
1986 Equal treatment for self-employed women 86/613/EEC
1986 Coordination of laws relating to self-employed commercial agents 86/653/EEC
1988 Banned substances and activities
1988 Smoking in public places (recommendation)
1988 AIDS in the workplace (Council resolution)
1988 Information on safety, hygiene and health at work (Commission decision)
1988 Recognition of higher educational diplomas 89/48/EEC
1989 Diploma conferred in a third state (recommendation)
1989 Design of machinery (amended)
1989 Noise at work
1989 Health and safety framework 89/391/EEC
1989 Workplace health and safety 89/654/EC
1989 Use of work equipment (consolidated) 89/655/EEC
1989 Personal protective equipment 89/656/EEC
1990 Industrial diseases (Commission recommendation)
1990 Rights of residence (special categories)
1990 Rights of residence after retirement
1990 Safety & health concerning display screen equipment 90/270/EEC
1990 Protection from carcinogens at work 90/394/EEC
1990 Protection from ionizing radiation (outside workers) 90/641/euratom
1990 Manual handling of loads 90/269/EEC
1991 Atypical workers (health and safety)
1991 Sexual harassment (Council declaration)
1991 Establishment of liaison group for the elderly (Commission decision)
1991 Information about contracts or employment relationship 91/533/EEC
1992 Financial participation of employees (recommendation)
1992 Equity sharing and financial participation (recommendation)
1992 Convergence of social protection objectives and policies (recommendation)
1992 Dignity of men and women at work (Commission recommendation)
1992 Public service contracts (employment aspects)
1992 Rights of residence (students)
1992 Temporary construction sites
1992 Mutual recognition of vocational qualifications
1992 Medical treatment on board vessels 92/29/EEC
1992 Recognition of professional education and training 92/51/EEC
1992 Safety & health on mobile construction sites 92/57/EEC
1992 Safety signs at work 92/58/EEC
1992 Protection of pregnant and breast-feeding workers 92/85/EEC
1992 Safety & health oil & gas drilling 92/91/EC
1992 Safety & health in mineral-extracting industries 92/104/EEC
1992 Recommendation on childcare 92/241/EEC
1993 Access to continuous vocational training (recommendation)
1993 Flexibility of retirement age (resolution)
1993 Mutual recognition of qualifications (medicine)
1993 The equitable wage (Commission opinion)
1993 Safety & health on fishing vessels 93/103/EC
1993 Working time (consolidated) 93/104/EC
1994 A European agency for safety and health at work (regulation amended)
1994 Equipment and protective systems in explosive atmospheres
1994 Safety, hygiene and health protection at work (Council decision)
1994 Equal pay for work of equal value (Commission opinion)
1994 Education and training (Commission opinion)
1994 Mutual recognition of qualifications (Commission communication)
1994 Training for seafarers
1994 Free movement of persons (Switzerland and Liechtenstein)
1994 Social security and free movement (Switzerland and Liechtenstein)
1994 The taxation of non-residents (recommendation)
1994 Protection of young people at work 94/33/EC
1994 European works councils (consolidated) 94/45/EC
1995 Data protection 95/46/EC
1995 Older workers (Council resolution)
1995 Racism and xenophobia (Council resolution)
1995 Image of men and women in advertising (Council resolution)
1996 Balance of men and women in decision-making (recommendation)
1996 Equal opportunities for people with disabilities (Council resolution)
1996 Long term third country residents (Council resolution)
1996 Third country nationals: employment (recommendation)
1996 Mutual recognition of qualifications (road transport)
1996 People with disabilities (Commission communication)
1996 Parental leave 96/34/EC
1996 Protection from ionizing radiation 96/29/Euratom
1996 Posting of workers 96/71/EC
1996 Control of major accident hazards 96/82/EC
1997 Employee information and consultation at a European level (UK)
1997 VAT and jobs (Commission communication)
1997 Burden of proof: sex discrimination 97/80/EC
1997 Part-time work 97/81/EC
1998 The European parking card (recommendation)
1998 Freedom of establishment (lawyers)
1998 The transfer of undertakings (revised)
1998 Collective redundancies (revised) 98/59/EC
1998 Working and rest time (regulation): transport (revised)
1998 Home work (Commission recommendation)
1998 Undeclared work (Commission communication)
1998 Integrating gender issues (recommendation)
1998 Chemical agents at work 98/24/EC
1999 (UK) Parental leave
1999 (UK) Part-time work
1999 Women in decision-making (Council resolution)
1999 Recognition of qualifications
1999 Carcinogens at work 99/38/EC
1999 Recognition of professional qualifications 1999/42/EC
1999 Working time of seafarers (consolidated) 99/63/EC
1999 Fixed-term work (consolidated) 99/70/EC
1999 Explosive atmospheres at work (consolidated) 99/92/EC
1999 Seafarers' hours of work 99/95/EC
2000 Child labour (Commission recommendation)
2000 Chemical agents at work 2000/39/EC
2000 Equal treatment (race and ethnic origin) 2000/43/EC
2000 Biological agents at work 2000/54/EC
2000 General framework for equal treatment 2000/78/EC
2000 Working time in civil aviation 2000/79/EC
2000 Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union (solemn proclamation)
2001 Consolidated Transfer of Undertakings Directive 2001/23/EC
2001 European company statute 2001/86/EC
2001 Minimum level of training for seafarers 2001/25/EC
2002 Framework Directive on works councils 2002/14/EC
2002 Mobile road transport activities 2002/15/EC
2002 Physical agents (vibration) at work 2002/44/EC
2002 Equal treatment for women and men (amended) 2002/73/EC
2003 Institutions for occupational retirement provision 2003/41/EC
2003 The initial qualification and periodic training of HGV/PSV drivers 2003/59/EC
2003 Certain
aspects of the organisation of working time 2003/88/EC
2004 EMF Directive (Physical agents Directive for electromagnetic fields) 2004/40/EC (pdf)
2004 Minimum standards for international protection of certain non-EU citizens 2004/83/EC
2006 Equal opportunities and equal treatment 2006/54/EC (pdf)
2008 Temporary agency work 2008/104/EC (pdf)
International conventions and recommendations
Although employers operating within the European Union member states are most immediately affected by Directives and Regulations, they should also be aware of other international measures which often influence EU legislative and policy reforms.
Council of Europe
1950 (Revised: 1966) The European convention on human rights
1996 (Revised) European social charter
United Nations
1948 UN universal declaration of human rights
1966 UN international convent on civil and political rights
1966 UN international convent on economic, social and cultural rights
UNESCO
2005 UNESCO international convention on the protection and promotion of cultural diversity.
Selected International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions
1919 Convention 1: Hours of work (industry) 48-hour week
1919 Convention 3: Maternity protection
1921 Convention 14: Weekly rest breaks (industry)
1927 Convention 24: Sickness insurance (industry)
1930 Convention 30: Hours of work (commerce and offices)
1935 Convention 47: Forty-hour week
1936 Convention 59: Minimum age (industry) (revised 1919 Convention 5)
1946 Convention 77: Medical examinations of young persons (industry)
1948 Convention 87: Freedom of association
1948 Convention 89: Night work (women) (revised Convention 4)
1949 Convention 98: Right to organise and collective bargaining
1951 Convention 100: Equal remuneration
1952 Convention 103: Maternity protection (revised Convention 3)
1958 Convention 111: Discrimination (employment and occupation)
1963 Convention 119: Guarding of machinery
1967 Convention 127: Maximum weight (health and safety)
1970 Convention 131: Minimum wage fixing
1970 Convention 132: Holidays with pay (revised)
1971 Convention 135: Workers' representatives
1973 Convention 138: Minimum age of workers
1975 Convention 142: Human resource development
1977 Convention 148: Working environment (air pollution, noise and vibration)
1979 Convention 153: Hours of work and rest periods (road transport)
1981 Convention 154: Collective bargaining
1981 Convention 156: Workers with family responsibilities
1982 Convention 158: Termination of employment
1986 Convention 162: Asbestos (health and safety)
1990 Convention 170: Chemicals (health and safety)
1994 Convention 175: Part-time work
1996 Convention 177: Home work
1996 Convention 180: Seafarers' hours of work and the manning of ships
1997 Convention 181: Private employment agencies
1999 Convention 182: Child labour
2000 Convention 183: Maternity protection at work
2001 Convention 184: Safety and health in agriculture
2003 Convention 185: Seafarer's identity documents convention (revised)
2004 Proposed convention on work in the fishing sector
Glossary
Agreement: Measure concluded with a non-EU state as an addition to the EU Treaty.
Amended: The measure has been subsequently amended.
Directive: A decision by the Council of Ministers which must be incorporated
into national legislation by all member states within an agreed time limit
(usually two or three years).
Recommendation: A non-mandatory decision reached by the Council of
Ministers. It establishes desired standards, or end results, without requiring
member states to incorporate the measure into national legislation.
Resolution: Agreement by the members of an EU institution about a policy issue. It need not have direct implications for EU law.
Terms: The European Economic Community (EEC) was merged
with ECSC and Euratom in 1967 to form the European Community (EC). In
1993 its name was changed once again to the European Union (EU). Many
measures, however, are still issued under the title of the European Community.
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